The software operates as a 3D-compiler that reads in a script file that describes a 3D object and then renders that object into a 3D model. Being the open-source program that is, one positive of OpenSCAD is that its consistently being updated with features that have been developed and driven by its user base.
| Original author(s) | Alias Systems Corporation |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Autodesk, Inc. |
| Initial release | February 1998; 22 years ago |
| Stable release | |
| Written in | C++,[1]MEL, Python,[2]C# |
| Operating system |
|
| Platform | IA-32, x64 |
| Available in | English, Japanese, Chinese |
| Type | 3D computer graphics |
| License | Trialware |
| Website | autodesk.com/maya |
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Autodesk Maya, commonly shortened to just Maya (/ˈmaɪə/MY-ə[3][4]), is a 3D computer graphics application that runs on Windows, macOS and Linux, originally developed by Alias Systems Corporation (formerly Alias|Wavefront) and currently owned and developed by Autodesk. It is used to create assets for interactive 3D applications (including video games), animated films, TV series, and visual effects.
History
Maya was originally an animation product based on code from The Advanced Visualizer by Wavefront Technologies, Thomson Digital Image (TDI) Explore, PowerAnimator by Alias Research, Inc., and Alias Sketch!. The IRIX-based projects were combined and animation features were added; the project codename was Maya.[5]Walt Disney Feature Animation collaborated closely with Maya's development during its production of Dinosaur.[6] Disney requested that the user interface of the application be customizable so that a personalized workflow could be created. This was a particular influence in the open architecture of Maya, and partly responsible for it becoming popular in the animation industry.
After Silicon Graphics Inc. acquired both Alias and Wavefront Technologies, Inc., Wavefront's technology (then under development) was merged into Maya. SGI's acquisition was a response to Microsoft Corporation acquiring Softimage 3D. The new wholly owned subsidiary was named 'Alias|{displaystyle |}Wavefront'.[7]
In the early days of development Maya started with Tcl as the scripting language, in order to leverage its similarity to a Unix shell language, but after the merger with Wavefront it was replaced with Maya Embedded Language. Sophia, the scripting language in Wavefront's Dynamation, was chosen as the basis of MEL.[8]
Maya 1.0 was released in February 1998. Following a series of acquisitions, Maya was bought by Autodesk in 2005.[9][10] Under the name of the new parent company, Maya was renamed Autodesk Maya. However, the name 'Maya' continues to be the dominant name used for the product.
Overview
Maya is an application used to generate 3D assets for use in film, television, game development and architecture. The software was initially released for the IRIX operating system. However, this support was discontinued in August 2006 after the release of version 6.5. Maya was available in both 'Complete' and 'Unlimited' editions until August 2008, when it was turned into a single suite.[11]
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Users define a virtual workspace (scene) to implement and edit media of a particular project. Scenes can be saved in a variety of formats, the default being .mb (Maya D). Maya exposes a node graph architecture. Scene elements are node-based, each node having its own attributes and customization. As a result, the visual representation of a scene is based entirely on a network of interconnecting nodes, depending on each other's information. For the convenience of viewing these networks, there is a dependency and a directed acyclic graph.
Industry usage
The widespread use of Maya in the film industry is usually associated with its development on the film Dinosaur, released by Disney in 2000.[12] In 2003, when the company received an Academy Award for technical achievement, it was noted to be used in films such as The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, Spider-Man (2002), Ice Age, and Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones.[13] By 2015, VentureBeat Magazine stated that all ten films in consideration for the Best Visual Effects Academy Award had used Autodesk Maya and that it had been 'used on every winning film since 1997.'[14]
Awards
On March 1, 2003, Alias was given an Academy Award for Technical Achievement by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for scientific and technical achievement for their development of Maya software.[15]
In 2005, while working for Alias|Wavefront, Jos Stam shared an Academy Award for Technical Achievement with Edwin Catmull and Tony DeRose for their invention and application of subdivision surfaces.[16]
On February 8, 2008, Duncan Brinsmead, Jos Stam, Julia Pakalns and Martin Werner received an Academy Award for Technical Achievement for the design and implementation of the Maya Fluid Effects system.[17][18]
See also
References
- ^'C++ Applications'. stroustrup.com. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^Baas, Matthias (May 8, 2006). 'Python/Maya: Introductory tutorial'. cgkit.sourceforge.net. Archived from the original on November 15, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
- ^'Maya 2017 Overview'. YouTube. Autodesk. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
- ^'Maya LT 2018 – Overview'. YouTube. Autodesk. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
- ^'History'. Maya books. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
- ^Muwanguzi, Michael J (July 1, 2010). 'Maya 2011'. Microfilmmaker Magazine. Archived from the original(Software Review) on July 20, 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
- ^Weisbard, Sam (December 13, 2002). 'Wavefront Discontinued Products and Brands'. Alias. Design engine. Archived from the original on August 22, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
- ^Sharpe, Jason; Lumsden, Charles J; Woolridge, Nicholas (2008), In silico: 3D animation and simulation of cell biology with Maya and MEL, Morgan Kaufmann Martin, p. 263, ISBN978-0-12-373655-0
- ^Autodesk (October 4, 2005). 'Autodesk Signs Definitive Agreement to Acquire Alias'. Archived from the original on January 10, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
- ^Wikinews:Autodesk to buy Alias
- ^'Autodesk Maya Features – Compare'. Autodesk. Archived from the original on 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^Warren, Scott (16 June 2017). Learning Games: The Science and Art of Development. Springer. p. 77.
- ^Sellers, Dennis (14 January 2003). 'Maya gets Oscar for Technical Achievement'. Macworld. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
- ^Terdiman, Daniel (15 January 2015). 'And the Oscar for Best Visual Effects Goes to… Autodesk's Maya'. media. VentureBeat.
- ^Sellers, Dennis (14 January 2003). 'Maya gets Oscar for Technical Achievement'. Macworld. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
- ^'PIXAR Awards'. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
- ^'Scientific & Technical Awards Winners'. January 6, 2003. Archived from the original on February 16, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
- ^'Technical Achievement Award'. January 6, 2003. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
External links
- Official website
Motion graphics and animation software | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2D | 3D | Mix |
| Free and open-source | ||
| Closed-source | Freeware |
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| Commercial | ||
| Discontinued / Legacy |
In recent years, 3D imaging has become important in industrial and consumer applications. Machine vision systems empowered with 3D imaging allow faster, more accurate inspection of components at manufacturing sites. In the consumer realm, 3D imaging provides greater image depth for media.
3D Imaging is Inspired by the Most Complex Imaging Device: The Eye
3D imaging relies on stereography, which we can observe from a familiar source: The human vision system. Humans see things with two eyes set slightly apart. This allows them to perceive depth in addition to the horizontal and vertical information reproduced by, for example, the standard 2D television screen.
Since the eyes are separated, each one sees the world from a different angle. Rapidly covering one eye, then the other, demonstrates subtle but distinct differences in angle each time. The dimensionality that humans perceive in their vision comes from the brain combining disparate images into a whole – a phenomenon called parallax.
Two lenses are used in every 3D shot – each captures an image slightly offset from the other. As a result, 3D images contain twice as much information as 2D ones. The images are edited to display while maintaining full data fidelity. The eye cannot process both sets of images on its own: Each eye processes its own set of images.
The left-hand and right-hand images combine in the brain to reproduce the sense of depth.
How is 3D Imaging Implemented?
3D imaging can be used for a wide range of applications – analyzing, measuring, and positioning parts are among the most important. To get the best results possible, however, it's crucial to design a system with the necessary performance and environmental constraints in mind.
3D imaging can be achieved through active or passive methods. Active systems use methods like time-of-flight, structured light, and interferometry, which generally require a high degree of control in the filming environment. Passive methods include depth from focus and light field.
In snapshot-based methods, the difference between two snapshots captured at the same time is used to calculate the distance to objects – this is called passive stereo imaging. It can be achieved by moving a single camera, but using two cameras with identical specifications is more efficient.
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By contrast, active snapshot methods can incorporate additional technologies that interpret visual data. Active snapshots might use time-of-flight, encoding 3D data into each pixel by measuring the time that elapses as light travels to the target object and then returns to a sensor.
Another successful method for producing 3D shape data is laser triangulation. Last mac software update. In laser triangulation, a single camera is used to derive height variations from laser patterns projected onto the surface of an object, then observes how those patterns move when viewed from an angle with a camera. 3d painting software, free download pc. Even with a single camera and without triangulation, perception of object distance is still possible by observing how the object scales as it moves near or far from a camera.
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3D imaging can also be implemented in other ways depending on the project and technology available.
No matter the approach, the result is robust visual data that can be applied to enhance performance of key processes, especially in industry.
